Inclusion Criteria:

• Age 19 to 78 years.
• Diagnosis of degenerative lumbar spinal spondylolisthesis and have low back pain, lower limb radiating pain, or leg discomfort when standing or walking with severity of at least 50 in a 0 to 100 VAS for each symptom.
• Suffering from neurologic claudication or radicular pain at least for one year.
• Those with neurogenic claudication within five minutes when walking on a treadmill at the speed of 1.5 miles per hour.
• Not receiving epidural injection treatments within the past one month.
• Those who have not undergone lumbar surgery
• Confirmed spondylolisthesis on L-spine AP, lateral & both oblique views.
• Agreeing to participate in this clinical trial after receiving a thorough explanation of the purposes and characteristics of the trial and who have also signed the written informed consent form.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Subjects will be excluded for the following conditions:
  • Those with a history of diseases in the past or in the present that cause ambulatory functional disability;
  • Knee joint and hip joint disorders that severely limit walking (i.e., moderate or severe osteoarthritis in the knee or hip joints);
  • Who has been diagnosed as peripheral blood vessel diseases or vascular diseases in the past, shows an ankle-brachial index (ABI) below 0.9 or is diagnosed as peripheral artery disease by Doppler ultrasonography of lower limbs, if necessary;
  • Severe diseases (cardiac disorders or renal insufficiency) such that the ambulatory evaluation is not attainable;
  • Other specific spinal diseases (ankylosing spondylitis, spinal osteomyelitis, metabolic diseases, severe osteoporosis, etc.);
  • Severe neurological defects including foot drop or cauda equina syndrome;
  • Spinal instability confirmed by L-spine x-ray flexion and extension views;
  • Those with malignancy;
  • Psychiatric conditions such as major depressive disorder and anxiety disorder in the past or present (e.g., panic disorder, episodes of mania, delusion, and schizophrenia);
  • Using narcotic analgesics, including the external dosage form or patch;
  • On medications for respiratory diseases including gastritis, stomach ulcer, and irritable bowel syndrome;
  • Pregnant women, lactating women, or those planning to become pregnant;
  • Those who appear likely to encounter difficulties in adhering to this protocol such as those regarding treatment, hospitalization, or preparation for the survey;
  • Subjects who the clinical investigators judge to be inappropriate.