Inclusion Criteria: 

• Patients ≥ 18 years or older. 
• Patients who speak English and are willing to sign the consent form
• Patients with acute early postoperative infection (symptoms ≤ 4 weeks from surgery; symptoms < 4 weeks in duration) and acute hematogenous infection (greater than 3 months from surgery; symptoms < 3 weeks in duration) of a total knee or total hip arthroplasty, defined as:
  • A sinus communicating with the prosthesis OR
  • Two positive cultures obtained from the prosthesis OR
  • 4 of 5 criteria:
    • Elevated ESR (> 30mm/hr) and CRP (> 10mg/L);
    • Elevated synovial leukocyte count (>3000 cells/μL) or change of ++ on;
    • leukocyte esterase strip;
    • Elevated synovial neutrophil percentage (> 80%);
    • One positive culture;
    • Positive histological analysis of periprosthetic tissue (> 5 neutrophils per high;
    • Power field in 5 high power fields x 400).
• OR Patient with an acute infection diagnosed clinically by an orthopedic surgeon treated with DAIR

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with a chronic PJI, defined as:
  • Presentation of symptoms > 4 weeks in duration.
• Revision surgery or previous two-stage reimplantation.

Eligibility last updated 6/24/22. Questions regarding updates should be directed to the study team contact.