Inclusion Criteria: 

Study group 1: Older adults with obesity

• Participant must have a BMI between 30 and 40
• Participant must be aged between 65 and 85

Study group 2: Older adults without obesity

• Participant must have a BMI between 18.5 and 28
• Participant must be aged between 65 and 85

Study group 3: Young adults with obesity

• Participant must have a BMI between 30 and 40
• Participant must be aged between 18 and 35

Study group 4: Young adults without obesity

• Participant must have a BMI between 18.5 and 28
• Participant must be aged between 18 and 35

• Participant must use the Mayo Clinic patient online portal.
• Participant must be able to understand English without the need of an interpreter.
• Participant must be willing to be contacted for research
• Participant must be willing and capable to provide consent.
• Participants shall be generally healthy as deemed acceptable by the principal investigator
• Men and women will be participant in this study

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pparticipation in ≥ 30 minutes of structured physical activity ≥ 2 days per week
• Smoking/tobacco use
• Alcohol/substance abuse
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding
• Anemia (female subjects hemoglobin of <11 g/dl and male subjects hemoglobin <12 g/dl)
• Abnormal renal function (serum creatinine > 1.5mg/dl)
• Ddiagnosed diabetes or fasting plasma glucose ≥126
• Blood clotting disorders or oral warfarin group medications
• Coronary artery disease or history of unstable macrovascular disease
• Uncontrolled thyroid disease (TSH undetectable or ≥6 mIU/L)
• Abnormal liver function (AST>144IU/L or ALT>165IU/L)
• INR >2.0
• Use of medications known to influence the main outcomes of the study
• Orthopedic problems that may be aggravated by exercise
• Participants may also be excluded based on any known medical condition/s that in the judgment of the investigator might interfere with the completion of the protocol or medication/s that the investigator believes is a  contraindication to the subject’s participation.

Note: Other protocol defined Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria may apply.

Eligibility last updated 1/17/24. Questions regarding updates should be directed to the study team contact.