Study 1: Healthy Individuals

Inclusion Criteria:

• Participants must be physically fit enough to perform light exercise. They should read and understand English well enough to consent, complete measures, and follow instructions.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Participants incompatible with MRI machines due to factors such as pacemakers or metallic implants. Additionally, those with chronic medical conditions, including heart disease (e.g., coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, hypertension, cardiac arrhythmia), lung disease (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], asthma), cancer, sleep apnea, and neurological conditions (e.g., attention-deficit disorder [ADHD], aneurysm, stroke, seizures, dementia) are excluded. Participants with psychiatric conditions such as psychosis, suicidality, bipolar disorder, major depression, and substance use disorders are excluded. Participants serving as caregivers for any of the aforementioned conditions and for other illnesses such as cancer or neurological disorders, are also excluded. Further exclusions apply to those with severe vision, hearing impairments, have a body mass index (BMI) over 30, and those who are pregnant.

Study 2: Cancer Patients and Their Caregivers

Inclusion Criteria:

• Participants must be physically fit enough to perform light exercise. Cancer patients may have prostate cancer, neuroendocrine tumor, or brain cancer in any stage. The main focus is on pairs of cancer patients and their respective caregivers, but individual cancer patients or individual caregivers are also acceptable. Participants should read and understand English well enough to consent, complete measures, and follow instructions.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Participants incompatible with MRI machines due to factors such as pacemakers or metallic implants are excluded, as are those with chronic lung disease (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], asthma), neurological conditions (e.g., aneurysm, stroke, seizures, dementia), and those who are pregnant.

Study 3: Patients with Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders

Inclusion Criteria:

• Participants must be physically fit enough to perform light exercise. The patient should have multiple sclerosis. Participants should read and understand English well enough to consent, complete measures, and follow instructions.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Participants incompatible with MRI machines due to factors such as pacemakers or metallic implants are excluded, as are those with chronic lung disease (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], asthma) and those who are pregnant.

Note: Other protocol defined Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria may apply.

Eligibility last updated 07/29/2024. Questions regarding updates should be directed to the study team contact.