Inclusion Criteria:

Patients will be recruited from those in the RKSC Dent Registry

• Diagnostic criteria for Dent disease include:
  • LMWP (at least 5 times above the upper limit of normal) and at least 1 of the following criteria:
    • Hypercalciuria;
    • Kidney stones;
    • Nephrocalcinosis;
    • Hypophosphatemia;
    • Renal phosphate leak;
    • Aminoaciduria;
    • Glucosuria without diabetes mellitus;
    • Hematuria;
    • Renal insufficiency;
    • Family history with x-linked inheritance; or
  • 1 of the above criteria (1-9) and confirmed genetic mutation of CLCN5 or OCRL1.
• Idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis with renal phosphate leak.
• Male patients > 18 years old.
• History of symptomatic calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate stone, hypercalciuria (>250 mg/24 hrs), renal phosphate leak (TMP/GFR < 2.07 mg/dl).
• Idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis without renal phosphate leak.
• Male patients > 18 years old.
• History of symptomatic calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate stone, hypercalciuria (>250 mg/24 hrs), renal phosphate leak (TMP/GFR < 2.07 mg/dl).

Exclusion Criteria:

• Exclusion for Dent disease include:
  • primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism;
  • hyperthyroidism;
  • chronic diarrhea states;
  • intake of thiazide diuretics;
  • glucocorticoids; or
  • estrogens within one month of the study.
• Exclusion criteria for calcium stone formers include:
  • primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism;
  • hyperthyroidism;
  • estimated GFR < 40 ml/mn/1.73m^2;
  • chronic diarrhea states;
  • intake of thiazide diuretics;
  • glucocorticoids; or
  • estrogens within one month of the study.
• Exclusion criteria include history of symptomatic or asymptomatic kidney stone disease; primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism; estimated GFR <40 ml/min/1.73m2, chronic diarrhea states; intake of thiazide diuretics, glucocorticoids, or estrogens within one month of the study.