Basic science research

Basic science research is science that's done in a laboratory. This type of research develops treatments and discovers pathways in the brain. It lays the foundation for clinical research. For example, basic science research has led to advances such as being able to diagnose Alzheimer's with a blood test.

The Alzheimer's Disease Research Center's basic science researchers study what happens inside cells that causes them to die during aging, and how genes affect people's risk of developing an age-related disease. Center investigators also study brains that some study participants donate to advance this research.

In the lab, center scientists have two main focuses: studying how certain proteins in the brain are related to Alzheimer's disease and discovering how genes are tied to frontotemporal dementia.

Brain proteins in Alzheimer's disease

Investigators with the Alzheimer's Disease Research Center are studying changes in the brain related to two proteins called amyloid and tau. These two proteins have been shown to be involved in both causing Alzheimer's disease and making it worse.

Amyloid protein

When amyloid protein builds up in the brain, it creates spots called plaques. Scientists believe these plaques lead to memory loss and Alzheimer's disease. Mayo Clinic researchers study how amyloid protein works and genetic factors that cause it to build up in some people. This research has produced tests that may be able to diagnose Alzheimer's disease.

Tau protein

When tau protein clumps together in tangles, it kills nerve cells, which also are called neurons. This results in memory loss and Alzheimer's disease. Center researchers are finding ways to prevent and remove tau buildup and tangles.

Genes and frontotemporal dementia

Mayo Clinic researchers in Florida were among the first in the United States to identify genetic mutations in families with frontotemporal dementia. In fact, they found the three most important inherited gene mutations that cause frontotemporal dementia. These findings have led to a better understanding of the causes of frontotemporal dementia. Researchers are building on this work to try to find treatments.