Clinical Trials

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients in Mayo clinic outpatient dialysis center who receive hemodialysis for more than 3 months 
• Sign a written informed consent for research purposes will be screened for recruitment.

Intra-dialytic Hypotension (IDH) Group:

• Patients present symptomatic intra-dialytic hypotension (IDH), defined as a drop in systolic blood pressure ≥ 20 mmHg or a decrease in MAP by ≥ 10mmHg with associated symptoms.
• Symptomatic intra-dialytic hypotension (IDH) occur in at least one-third of the dialysis sessions during the 3 months prior to this study.

Daily Dialysis Group:

• Patients on daily hemodialysis without intra-dialytic hypotension (IDH)

Regular Dialysis Group:

• Patients on chronic hemodialysis 3 times per week without intra-dialytic hypotension (IDH)

Exclusion Criteria:

• Previous well-known heart failure (EF<50%) 
• History of heart transplantation 
• Congenital heart disease 
• Arrhythmia 
• Significant valvular disease 
• Pacemaker dependent 
• Poor echo window