Clinical Trials

Inclusion Criteria:

• Subjects with ages ranging between 18-80 years.
• Lean subjects will have a BMI of 25 or less.
• Gender specific normal body fat.
• Subjects taking no immunomodulating medication.
• Subjects undergoing elective abdominal surgery (either laparotomy or laparoscopic approach) for any procedure with the exclusion of those involving acute inflammation (i.e., acute cholecystitis, bowel perforation or diverticulitis).
• Obese, non-diabetic subjects will have a BMI between 30 and 50.
• Obese, non-diabetic subjects will be taking no medications affecting glucose metabolism or lipid metabolism.
• These subjects will be identified from a pool of patients undergoing an elective abdominal surgical procedure such as inguinal hernia repair, laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication, planned cholecystectomy, and bariatric surgery.
• Subjects will not be receiving corticosteroid therapy.
• Subjects will not have a history of asthma, COPD or atopic syndrome.
• Subjects will also not be taking any leukotriene receptor antagonist acting medications (ex. Montelukast).
• All subjects will be self reported non-smokers.