Clinical Trials

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients over the age of 18 years.
• Ability to provide written, informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Known history of voice disorder or surgery that may alter voice characteristics.
• Smoking or vaping use currently or within the last 3 months.
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
• Prior esophageal or gastric surgical resection.
• PPI use within the last 8 weeks.
• Inability to speak (any cause).
• Upper respiratory tract infection, influenza, sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, laryngitis or tracheitis within the last week.
• Pulmonary conditions including, bronchiectasis, pulmonary embolism (within last 3 months), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, interstitial lung disease, COPD exacerbation, asthma attack, pneumothorax, pleural effusion and/or respiratory failure.
• Recent chest trauma (last 30 days) resulting in rib fractures, sternum fracture.
• Respiratory conditions due to inhalation of chemicals, gases, fumes and vapors.
• Left-sided heart failure exacerbation.
• Intoxication, hepatic encephalopathy, delirium, coma, drowsiness.