Clinical Trials

Inclusion Criteria:

Those who meet the following criteria are eligible to participate in the study. The specific diagnostic criteria for CNLBP are as follows:

• Pain and discomfort of unknown etiology between the costal margins and inferior gluteal folds with or without referred pain to the lower limbs), lasting for more than 12 weeks.
• There may be waist muscle weakness, stiffness, limited mobility or reduced spinal coordination. The symptoms of pain are lessened or disappeared after bed rest. While the symptoms of pain are aggravated after bending over, sedentary, or standing for a long time.
• Physical examination showed an increase in muscle tension or a significant localized tenderness point (trigger point) in the painful area, with negative straight-leg raising test, and no signs of nerve root lesions.

Exclusion Criteria:

Those who meet any of the below exclusion Criteria shall be excluded from the study.

• Patients with low back pain associated with nerve root compromise (measured by clinical examination of dermatomes, myotomes and reflexes).
• Patients with severe skin diseases (e.g., skin cancer, erysipelas, severe eczema, severe dermatitis, severe psoriasis and severe hives lupus).
• Serious spinal pathologies such as fractures, tumors, inflammatory and infectious diseases.
• History of spine surgery.
• Serious cardiovascular or metabolic disorders.
• Patients diagnosed with cognitive issues such as major depression, and moderate to severe dementia severe psychiatric diseases (such as schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, paranoid psychosis).
• Women who are pregnant.