Clinical Trials

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adults greater than or equal to 18 years of age.
• Admitted to an intensive care unit.
• Treated with either cefepime, piperacillin/tazobactam or meropenem at a consistent dose and interval for at least 36 hours.
• Must have preexisting intravenous access for routine care that can be accessed for study blood sampling.
• Subject and/or legally authorized representative are able to provide informed consent.
• Must have preexisting intravenous access for study blood sampling.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Individuals < 18 years of age.
• Individuals without intravenous access for study blood sampling.
• Individuals whose antibiotic dose and interval varied.
• Individuals who received more than one dose of the study antibiotic prior to ICU admission.
• Receiving renal replacement therapy or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
• Individuals with acute kidney injury or an estimated creatinine clearance < 20mL/min.
• Prior enrollment in the study.