Clinical Trials

Inclusion Criteria - CHF Patient Subjects:

• Patients who are 18 years or older.
• Admitted at Mayo Clinic Arizona Hospital by the inpatient general cardiology services (Card 1 and 2) from September 2021 to March 2022.
• Primary diagnosis of new onset heart failure or heart failure exacerbation either from the emergency department or direct admit from the outpatient clinic.

Inclusion Criteria - APP Employee Subjects:

•  In -patient General Cardiology APPs who have received training on HHE.

Exclusion Criteria - CHF Patient Subjects:

• Intensive care unit and hospice patients.
• Inability to provide consent.
• End-stage renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy.
• Admitted for dyspneic disorder due to suspected pulmonary pathology (COPD, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism).

Exclusion Criteria - APP Employee Subjects:

• Medical residents, PA/NP students.
• Cardiology Fellows.
• Study personnel.