Nadia N. Laack, M.D.

This phase III trial compares memantine to usual treatment in treating patients with brain tumors that are newly diagnosed or has come back (recurrent). Memantine may block receptors (parts of nerve cells) in the brain known to contribute to a decline in cognitive function. Giving memantine may make a difference in cognitive function (attention, memory, or other thought processes) in children and adolescents receiving brain radiation therapy to treat a primary brain tumor.

The purpose of the Pediatric Proton Consortium Registry (PPCR) is to enroll children who have been treated with proton radiation in the United States in order to describe the population that currently receives protons and better evaluate its benefits over other therapies. The data collected from this study will help facilitate research on proton beam radiation therapy and allow for collaborative research. The PPCR will collect demographic and clinical data which many centers that deliver proton radiation therapy already collect in routine operations.

The SBRT (stereotactic body radiation therapy) literature focuses on clinical outcomes in the adult population. However, SBRT (stereotactic body radiation therapy) has a particularly strong rationale for application in pediatrics given that high biologically effective doses have been shown to increase control in histologies, such as sarcoma, which are common in the pediatrics population (11,25). With stereotactic radiation therapy techniques, a reduction in normal tissue dose surrounding the target lesion of interest may also be accomplished resulting in lower toxicity. Given that pediatric patients with sarcomas, presenting with limited metastases in lung and bone, are still considered to be a curable population with aggressive local therapy, SBRT could have a significant impact on outcomes in oligometastatic patients who may be otherwise unresectable (25-28).

This randomized phase III trial studies combination chemotherapy to see how well it works compared to combination chemotherapy with topotecan hydrochloride in treating patients with non-metastatic extracranial Ewing sarcoma. Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as vincristine sulfate, doxorubicin hydrochloride, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, etoposide, and topotecan hydrochloride, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. Giving more than one drug (combination chemotherapy) may kill more tumor cells. It is not yet known whether combination chemotherapy is more effective with topotecan hydrochloride in treating Ewing sarcoma.

RATIONALE: Stereotactic radiosurgery may be able to send x-rays directly to the tumor and cause less damage to normal tissue. Radiation therapy uses high-energy x rays to kill tumor cells. It is not yet known whether stereotactic radiosurgery is more effective than whole-brain radiation therapy in treating patients with brain metastases that have been removed by surgery.

PURPOSE: This randomized phase III trial studies how well stereotactic radiosurgery works compared to whole-brain radiation therapy in treating patients with brain metastases that have been removed by surgery.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of twice daily memantine started before radiation therapy (RT) and continued one month after radiation therapy (RT), and to evaluate the feasibility of twice daily (BID) memantine started before RT and continued 3 and 6 months after RT.

For most brain tumors, radiation treatment is guided by a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan. In this study, information from a special scan, called a Positron Emission Tomography/ Computed Tomography (PET/CT) scan using an amino acid called Fluorine-18-L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (18F-DOPA) will also be used to image the tumor and guide your radiation oncologist in determining locations to treat with radiation. This type of scan has shown promise in being able to better distinguish tumor from normal brain tissue and may help to more accurately plan radiation treatment. This type of scan can also assist the radiation oncologist in identifying the most aggressive regions of the tumor. The goal of this study is to use the 18F-DOPA PET/CT scan to help determine where the disease is that needs to be treated with radiation, in order to improve the effectiveness of radiation in this tumor.

The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical application of two emerging magnetic resonance (MR) imaging modalities which Mayo Clinic has the technical capability of using, by adding them at the same time that standard imaging is done for patients receiving treatment for Ewing Sarcoma , Rhabdomyosarcoma and soft tissue sarcoma.  

This randomized phase III trial compares memantine hydrochloride and whole-brain radiotherapy with or without hippocampal avoidance in reducing neurocognitive decline in patients with cancer that has spread from the primary site (place where it started) to the brain. Whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is the most common treatment for brain metastasis. Unfortunately, the majority of patients with brain metastases experience cognitive (such as learning and memory) deterioration after WBRT. Memantine hydrochloride may enhance cognitive function by binding to and inhibiting channels of receptors located in the central nervous system. Radiation therapy uses high energy x-rays to kill tumor cells and shrink tumors. Using radiation techniques, such as intensity modulated radiotherapy to avoid the hippocampal region during WBRT, may reduce the radiation dose to the hippocampus and help limit the radiation-induced cognitive decline. It is not yet known whether giving memantine hydrochloride and WBRT with or without hippocampal avoidance works better in reducing neurocognitive decline in patients with brain metastases.

This randomized phase II trial studies how well combination chemotherapy with or without ganitumab works in treating patients with newly diagnosed Ewing sarcoma that has spread to other parts of the body. Monoclonal antibodies, such as ganitumab, may block tumor growth in different ways by targeting certain cells. Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as vincristine sulfate, doxorubicin hydrochloride, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, and etoposide, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. It is not yet known whether combination chemotherapy is more effective with or without ganitumab in treating patients with newly diagnosed Ewing sarcoma.

The purpose of this study is to determine if stress cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging will allow us to detect radiation-related cardiac toxicity before other evaluation modalities would allow.

This study is to evaluate which cognitive-linguistic symptoms are most commonly experienced following brain tumor treatment. Cognitive surveys will be administered after treatment of primary brain tumor cancer.

To collect and analyze specimens that will correlate with clinical outcomes such as acute and late toxicities, quality of life, local control, and survival of patients treated with radiation therapy.

This proposal is for a pilot study comparing volumes of 18F-DOPA-PET avidity with contrast enhancement and T2 FLAIR on MRI. We then plan to compare patterns of failure with target volumes, pre-treatment MRI changes and pre-treatment 18F-DOPA-PET.

This trial studies the natural history of brain function, quality of life, and seizure control in patients with brain tumor who have undergone surgery. Learning about brain function, quality of life, and seizure control in patients with brain tumor who have undergone surgery may help doctors learn more about the disease and find better methods of treatment and on-going care.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate cognitive function and to determine neurocognitive assessment using a select CogState test battery in patients with primary intracranial malignancies receiving photon- or proton-based cranial irradiation with curative intent.

The purpose of this study is to utilize a novel approach of combining advanced radiation delivery with proton beam therapy with advanced tumor visualization with 18F-DOPA PET and MRI imaging. We will study the effectiveness and safety of this technique delivering the entire treatment over 1-2 weeks.

The purpose of this pilot study is to assess the efficacy of the Federal Drug Administration approved 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT in the radiotherapeutic target volume definition of metastatic neuroendocrine tumors as compared to MIBG scintigraphy. Secondary